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Research Methods · N-of-1 designs · continued

Coming back to: Why most self-reports here are not experiments, and that is fine posts 31–60

This is a continuation of a long topic, addressed by post number rather than by page. Start at post 1 · go to the accepted answer.

CR
c.rasmussenTL228 Dec 2025#31

Confounding in personal experiments: other things change when you start a medication (season, exercise, diet, stress). Documenting those confounders helps you understand their contribution to the result.

I am not the right person to answer the follow-up to this.

0 likes 7mo
JS
j.sorensenTL231 Dec 2025#32

It does not tell you about anybody else, which is why aggregating these accounts does not produce evidence of the kind people want it to.

The mechanism is plausible, which is not the same as established.

3 likes 7mo
JC
j.castellanosTL24 Jan 2026#33
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c.ramosTL27 Jan 2026#34

Generalisability: a robust n-of-1 result applies to you. It does not tell you much about whether the effect generalises to others similar to you, much less to people different from you.

That is the version I use. It may not be the version that is correct.

31 likes 7mo
JM
j.mwangiTL4 Moderator10 Jan 2026#35

Multiple outcomes measured without a primary one means something will move. Nominate the primary in advance and report the rest as secondary.

Worth reading the earlier posts in this thread before acting on mine.

0 likes 7mo
AW
a.wikstromTL214 Jan 2026#36
figure_review, post #19: Adding the measurement that post #16 says would settle it. Sample size in n-of-1: you are the sample. Repeated measurements (weekly weighings, daily mood scores) increase the power to detect a real effect even though n=1. Noting that I have skin in this question and have tried to discount for it. Go to post

Post #32 describes the usual case. This is about the unusual one.

Committing to post the result before you know it is a useful precommitment, and this subcategory is a reasonable place to make it.

1 like in reply to #19 6mo
C
chromatogramTL4Analytical chemist17 Jan 2026#37
crossref_check, post #27: The interesting personal experiments are the ones where the answer was no. They are also the ones least likely to be written up. Go to post

A photograph or a device reading is a harder record than a recollection, and where one is available it should be the record.

The answer changed when I changed how I was measuring, which was informative.

10 likes in reply to #27 6mo
MA
m.adeyemiTL220 Jan 2026#38

Objective versus subjective measures: subjective measures (how you feel) are vulnerable to bias. Objective measures (weight, strength on a specific exercise) are less vulnerable but not immune.

That is one dataset and I would not build a rule on it.

23 likes 6mo
HF
h.fonsecaTL224 Jan 2026#39

Nothing to add on the substance. Thank you for taking the question at face value.

3 likes 6mo
TI
trough_indexTL3Regular27 Jan 2026 · edited#40
BDraganov, post #8: Building on post #7 rather than restating it. Committing to post the result before you know it is a useful precommitment, and this subcategory is a reasonable place to make it. That is what the documentation says. What happens in practice is usually close. Go to post

Answering the question post #36 raises rather than the one it answers.

Sample size in n-of-1: you are the sample. Repeated measurements (weekly weighings, daily mood scores) increase the power to detect a real effect even though n=1.

10 likes in reply to #8 6mo
MG
m.guerreroTL230 Jan 2026#41

An n of one tells you about one person, which is the person you are most interested in. That is the whole value and it is not nothing.

I am reporting what happened, not recommending it.

0 likes 6mo
MM
methods_marginTL3Regular3 Feb 2026#42

Seconded. It reads as careful rather than confident, which is the right register.

24 likes 6mo
NH
n.hartmannTL26 Feb 2026#43
n.kirchner, post #5: Multiple outcomes measured without a primary one means something will move. Nominate the primary in advance and report the rest as secondary. Go to post

Everything in post #41 holds. The case it does not cover is the one I have.

Order effects matter. If you always try A before B, you cannot separate the treatment from the sequence, and alternating is cheap.

11 likes in reply to #5 6mo
ST
stopper_traceTL2Member9 Feb 2026 · edited#44
h.fonseca, post #39: Nothing to add on the substance. Thank you for taking the question at face value. Go to post

Narrowing post #41, because the general version has more than one answer.

A rolling mean over several days is far more informative than any single reading for anything that varies day to day, which is nearly everything.

Speaking for myself and not for anyone else who has posted here.

3 likes in reply to #39 6mo
AV
ai.vukovicTL212 Feb 2026#45

A photograph or a device reading is a harder record than a recollection, and where one is available it should be the record.

0 likes 5mo
GP
g.pemberton_ukTL3Regional · UK15 Feb 2026#46

Taking post #45 at face value and following it one step further.

Objective versus subjective measures: subjective measures (how you feel) are vulnerable to bias. Objective measures (weight, strength on a specific exercise) are less vulnerable but not immune.

32 likes 5mo
KB
k.batistaTL219 Feb 2026#47
r.torrence, post #11: Objective versus subjective measures: subjective measures (how you feel) are vulnerable to bias. Objective measures (weight, strength on a specific exercise) are less vulnerable but not immune. Go to post

I read post #45 twice before replying, because I had assumed the opposite.

The interesting personal experiments are the ones where the answer was no. They are also the ones least likely to be written up.

I would rather be precise about what I do not know than vague about what I do.

16 likes in reply to #11 5mo
CR
crossover_reviewTL3Regular22 Feb 2026#48

Multiple outcomes measured without a primary one means something will move. Nominate the primary in advance and report the rest as secondary.

The literature is thinner on this than the confidence in the thread implies.

6 likes 5mo
RN
r.nakamuraTL225 Feb 2026#49
logbook_erin, post #23: Multiple outcomes measured without a primary one means something will move. Nominate the primary in advance and report the rest as secondary. Filing this under things that are true until someone shows me otherwise. Go to post

I had written a reply contradicting post #45 and deleted it. Here is what survived.

Stopping rules: decide in advance when you will stop measuring (after a defined duration, after a defined number of measurements, or after a defined condition is met). Not deciding in advance means stopping when the result satisfies you, which is bias.

1 like in reply to #23 5mo
RM
r.mcalisterTL3Regular28 Feb 2026#50

It does not tell you about anybody else, which is why aggregating these accounts does not produce evidence of the kind people want it to.

That is the shape of it. The detail is where I would expect to be corrected.

0 likes 5mo
ER
eire_readerTL2Regional · IE3 Mar 2026#51

Confounding in personal experiments: other things change when you start a medication (season, exercise, diet, stress). Documenting those confounders helps you understand their contribution to the result.

If this contradicts something upthread, the upthread version may well be the better one.

0 likes 5mo
ZS
z.szaboTL26 Mar 2026#52
h.almeida, post #2: An n of one tells you about one person, which is the person you are most interested in. That is the whole value and it is not nothing. I would put the burden of proof on the interesting explanation, not the dull one. Go to post

Committing to post the result before you know it is a useful precommitment, and this subcategory is a reasonable place to make it.

That is a description of practice, not a recommendation of it.

4 likes in reply to #2 5mo
PN
p.novotnyTL2Regular9 Mar 2026#53

Generalisability: a robust n-of-1 result applies to you. It does not tell you much about whether the effect generalises to others similar to you, much less to people different from you.

It is one reading of the data and not the only reasonable one.

12 likes 5mo
FH
f.haddadTL213 Mar 2026#54

No disagreement from me. Posting only so the question does not look ignored.

25 likes 5mo
CP
citation_peakTL3Regular16 Mar 2026#55
m.adeyemi, post #38: Objective versus subjective measures: subjective measures (how you feel) are vulnerable to bias. Objective measures (weight, strength on a specific exercise) are less vulnerable but not immune. That is one dataset and I would not build a rule on it. Go to post

Picking up post #52: that is the part I would want checked first.

Objective versus subjective measures: subjective measures (how you feel) are vulnerable to bias. Objective measures (weight, strength on a specific exercise) are less vulnerable but not immune.

1 like in reply to #38 4mo
MN
ma.nascimentoTL219 Mar 2026 · edited#56
eire_reader, post #51: Confounding in personal experiments: other things change when you start a medication (season, exercise, diet, stress). Documenting those confounders helps you understand their contribution to the result. If this contradicts something upthread, the upthread version may well be the better one. Go to post

A photograph or a device reading is a harder record than a recollection, and where one is available it should be the record.

7 likes in reply to #51 4mo
KR
k.redgraveTL2Member22 Mar 2026#57

Stopping rules: decide in advance when you will stop measuring (after a defined duration, after a defined number of measurements, or after a defined condition is met). Not deciding in advance means stopping when the result satisfies you, which is bias.

Genuinely open to being wrong about this one.

18 likes 4mo
SI
s.ivaturiTL225 Mar 2026#58

Sample size in n-of-1: you are the sample. Repeated measurements (weekly weighings, daily mood scores) increase the power to detect a real effect even though n=1.

The part I am sure of is shorter than the part I have written.

0 likes 4mo
FP
forest_plotTL3Evidence synthesis28 Mar 2026#59

Order effects matter. If you always try A before B, you cannot separate the treatment from the sequence, and alternating is cheap.

Two people can read the same figure differently here and both be reasonable.

3 likes 4mo
ES
e.steinerTL231 Mar 2026#60

Post #58 put the caveat in the right place and I want to underline it.

A rolling mean over several days is far more informative than any single reading for anything that varies day to day, which is nearly everything.

11 likes 4mo