k.otieno_stats

TL3 Statistician · Kisumu, KE

Applied statistician. Effect sizes, confidence intervals, and the difference between "no difference" and "not powered to detect one".

Joined 12 September 2024 · last posted 6d · groups: journal-club

115 posts, newest first. Showing up to 150.

Revisiting: The best-written scientific paper you have read Replied, post #109 · Lounge › Off topic · 22 Jul 2026 · 0 likes For anyone finding this later: the short answer on best-written scientific paper is that it depends on one thing, and the rest of the thread is people identifying which…
Revisiting: PCOS and metabolic overlap: what is and is not studied Replied, post #58 · Clinical › Comorbidities · 22 Jul 2026 · 1 like Post #54 and I disagree about the size of the effect, not about the direction. Where somebody is on several medicines, the interaction question and the comorbidity…
[2026 update] Detection wavelength and why 214 nm and 280 nm disagree Replied, post #55 · Analytics › HPLC & UHPLC · 21 Jul 2026 · 11 likes Adding the measurement that post #52 says would settle it. Change the wavelength and the proportions change even though the sample has not. That is the reason the…
Prior authorisation: what the criteria usually require — a second dataset Replied, post #45 · Access › Insurance & coverage · 19 Jul 2026 · 26 likes The arithmetic on Prior authorisation is the easy part and it is where the errors are, which is an uncomfortable combination. Show your working and someone will catch it.
Why a glucagon receptor agonist in a weight-loss compound is not a contradiction Replied, post #39 · Compounds › Retatrutide · 19 Jul 2026 · 22 likes This follows post #38 rather than contradicting it. Since glucagon receptor agonist keeps coming up, it should probably be a maintained page rather than a recurring…
A pooled estimate that changed when one trial was added Replied, post #25 · Evidence › Meta-analyses · 18 Jul 2026 · 15 likes That matches what I have seen, for whatever a single anecdote is worth.
[2026 update] Currency conversion and the cost you did not see Replied, post #26 · Sourcing › Payments · 18 Jul 2026 · 0 likes Coming back to post #24, because the follow-up matters more than the original answer. Ask what happens if the material fails independent testing before you order, not…
What a certificate commits its issuer to Replied, post #38 · Analytics › COA interpretation · 15 Jul 2026 · 6 likes The distinction between release testing and characterisation is one industrial documents make and retail ones usually do not. It is the difference between "we tested…
Why retatrutide discussion here is more cautious than elsewhere — one year on Replied, post #59 · Compounds › Retatrutide · 13 Jul 2026 · 0 likes Second-hand on retatrutide discussion, so weight it accordingly — someone whose method I trust told me this and I have not verified it myself.
Follow-up: Signs of dehydration worth acting on Replied, post #23 · Safety › Adverse events · 13 Jul 2026 · 9 likes Following this. I have the same question and no better information than the first post.
The anatomy of a question that gets answered within an hour Replied, post #106 · Start Here › How to Ask · 9 Jul 2026 · 0 likes Post the arithmetic you already did. Half the questions here are answered by someone spotting which line of your working is wrong, and that is impossible if you only…
What I would want from a home test that does not exist yet Replied, post #28 · Analytics › Home & field testing · 5 Jul 2026 · 16 likes False positives and false negatives: no test has 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. A negative result does not guarantee absence; a positive result does not…
Alcohol: what is documented and what is folklore Replied, post #91 · Practice › Interactions · 3 Jul 2026 · 32 likes A pharmacist can answer most questions in this subcategory in a few minutes with access to a proper interaction database, and that access is the thing a forum does not…
Tracking a shortage from primary sources rather than rumour Replied, post #80 · Access › Shortages · 2 Jul 2026 · 8 likes Dose hold versus tapering: if a temporary shortage forces a gap, holding your dose and resuming when supply returns is different from gradually tapering. The two are…
Does dual agonism explain the effect size, or is it dose? Replied, post #32 · Compounds › Tirzepatide · 13 Jun 2026 · 23 likes The apnoea-hypopnoea index used in SURMOUNT-OSA is an objective measurement rather than a symptom scale, which is why that trial carries more weight than its size…
Ultrasound and skinfolds: operator dependence in practice Replied, post #14 · Outcomes › Body composition · 12 Jun 2026 · 17 likes Answering the question post #10 raises rather than the one it answers. Photographs under fixed lighting and posture are a genuine record and are the hardest of these to…
Revisiting: Can a home kit substitute for a laboratory report? A careful no Replied, post #30 · Analytics › Home & field testing · 4 Jun 2026 · 2 likes Right, and stated more narrowly than I would have dared to state it.
Research-use-only status: what it means legally and practically Replied, post #48 · Compounds › Other compounds · 26 May 2026 · 15 likes Thymosin alpha-1 has a regulatory history in several jurisdictions and a real clinical literature, which puts it in a different evidential category from most of its…
Why fasting instructions for oral semaglutide are not optional advice Replied, post #13 · Compounds › Oral incretins · 24 May 2026 · 0 likes Taking post #10 at face value and following it one step further. PIONEER programme is phase 3 for oral semaglutide. The trials cover multiple indications and durations.…
Dizziness on standing and the electrolyte explanation — does this still hold? Replied, post #84 · Practice › Side effects · 23 May 2026 · 0 likes Taking post #81 at face value and following it one step further. Adding a reference point for Dizziness on standing. Mine is a single case, collected without controls,…
Research-use-only status: what it means legally and practically Replied, post #35 · Compounds › Other compounds · 30 Apr 2026 · 3 likes Narrowing post #32, because the general version has more than one answer. Small correction to my own earlier position on research-use-only status. I had the units the…
What "marked as solution" means and who gets to mark it — does this still hold? Replied, post #70 · Start Here › Welcome · 24 Apr 2026 · 11 likes The Lounge is a real category rather than a dumping ground. The sourcing rule still applies there, which surprises people, but the register is looser and nobody minds a…
[2026 update] Composite endpoints and the component doing the work Replied, post #64 · Evidence › Trials · 10 Apr 2026 · 5 likes Composite endpoints has been discussed here with more heat than it deserves, mostly because two definitions have been in play the whole time.
Transporting a vial for a weekend away — a second dataset Replied, post #24 · Practice › Storage & stability · 9 Apr 2026 · 15 likes Transporting a vial would be much easier to settle if anyone reported the denominator. Almost nobody reports the denominator.
Personal import allowances, compared — a second dataset Replied, post #100 · Access › International · 8 Apr 2026 · 2 likes Personal import allowances came up in a thread eighteen months ago and was answered well. I cannot find it, which is itself the problem, so here is the reconstruction.
Revisiting: Drawing up with one needle and injecting with another Replied, post #31 · Practice › Administration · 3 Apr 2026 · 1 like Thank you for the correction. I would rather find out here than later.
Foaming during reconstitution and whether it matters — the long version Replied, post #79 · Practice › Reconstitution · 29 Mar 2026 · 0 likes Confirming post #78 from a second method, which matters more than confirming it from a second person. Write the reconstitution date and the concentration on the vial.…
Insomnia at a dose step: reported experiences — the long version Replied, post #2 · Wellbeing › Sleep · 10 Mar 2026 · 3 likes Confirming the opening post from a second method, which matters more than confirming it from a second person. Energy availability affects sleep in both directions, and…
Reading an interaction checker output critically Replied, post #137 · Practice › Interactions · 5 Mar 2026 · 13 likes Confirming post #136 from a second method, which matters more than confirming it from a second person. Nothing here is medical advice and an interaction question is one…
A widely repeated interaction claim that turns out to be unsupported Replied, post #28 · Practice › Interactions · 15 Feb 2026 · 4 likes Insulin interaction: semaglutide and tirzepatide are not contraindicated with insulin but the combination carries hypoglycemia risk if insulin doses are not adjusted.…
Seven-day rolling means and why weekly readings mislead — one year on Replied, post #30 · Outcomes › Progress reports · 10 Feb 2026 · 0 likes I had written a reply contradicting post #26 and deleted it. Here is what survived. If someone has run Seven-day rolling properly I would rather read that than my own…
Warfarin and altered intake: the monitoring argument — the long version Replied, post #105 · Practice › Interactions · 5 Feb 2026 · 28 likes Thank you — that answers what I came here to find out.
Seven-day rolling means and why weekly readings mislead — one year on Replied, post #5 · Outcomes › Progress reports · 5 Feb 2026 · 1 like An update on my earlier Seven-day rolling post: the pattern held for another six weeks and then stopped, which I did not predict and cannot explain.
Follow-up: A supplier that answers analytical questions with restated claims Replied, post #65 · Sourcing › Red flags · 26 Jan 2026 · 6 likes No notes. Posting so the count is not one.
Coming back to: "Greater than or equal to 99%" as a specification rather than a result Replied, post #3 · Analytics › COA interpretation · 13 Jan 2026 · 8 likes Asking for the batch record rather than the certificate is a reasonable request and the response to it is informative whichever way it goes. Scoping that to what I have…
Why "add 2 mL" is not an instruction Replied, post #28 · Practice › Reconstitution · 13 Jan 2026 · 3 likes Do not shake. Swirl, or leave it. Vigorous agitation introduces air and shear, and neither helps a peptide go into solution any faster than patience does.
How Janoshik, Medutest, PeptideMeter and VendorInvestigate differ — a second dataset Replied, post #18 · Sourcing › Independent verification · 9 Jan 2026 · 1 like Clear enough that I do not think I have a follow-up, which is unusual.
What "verified" means on our vendor pages, stated narrowly Replied, post #27 · Sourcing › Vendor reports · 1 Jan 2026 · 4 likes Confirming post #26 from a second method, which matters more than confirming it from a second person. Photograph the vial and the label before opening. It costs ten…
Second pass at: The topic list is dense — is that deliberate? Replied, post #29 · Meta › Site feedback · 27 Dec 2025 · 15 likes That would also be the fastest way for a new member to understand what R6 actually catches, which is narrower than people assume from the text. I would rather say I do…
Pre-registering a personal experiment, seriously — a second dataset Replied, post #13 · Research Methods › N-of-1 designs · 22 Dec 2025 · 1 like Nobody has said the unglamorous part of Pre-registering a personal experiment yet, so: most of the variation is explained by things that are boring to write about and…
Revisiting: Language barriers in accessing a prescription abroad Replied, post #21 · Access › International · 22 Dec 2025 · 17 likes Building on post #18 rather than restating it. Two questions I would want answered before drawing anything from the Language barriers in accessing data above: how were…
Follow-up: A supplier that answers analytical questions with restated claims Replied, post #21 · Sourcing › Red flags · 20 Dec 2025 · 1 like The strongest single signal available cheaply is what happens when you ask a technical question. A quantitative answer inside a working day is difficult to fake at…
Older adults, sarcopenia risk, and the trade-off nobody quantifies Replied, post #51 · Clinical › Special populations · 13 Dec 2025 · 0 likes Genetic and ancestry-related differences in response are asked about regularly and the published evidence is thin enough that the honest answer is short. That has held…
Whether protein timing matters at a large deficit Replied, post #8 · Nutrition & Training › Protein & intake · 11 Dec 2025 · 0 likes Post #6 describes the usual case. This is about the unusual one. Timing of protein: spreading protein intake across the day, with some at each meal, is more practical…
Tracking a preprint to publication: a worked example Replied, post #74 · Evidence › Preprints · 7 Dec 2025 · 30 likes This is the first time the answer has come with its own limits attached. Appreciated.
Cost per delivered dose, which is the number that matters Replied, post #26 · Access › Pricing · 30 Nov 2025 · 14 likes Confirming post #23 from a second method, which matters more than confirming it from a second person. Price variation between pharmacies: identical prescriptions can…
Tracking a preprint to publication: a worked example Replied, post #6 · Evidence › Preprints · 29 Nov 2025 · 2 likes If you cite a preprint in a maintained document here, the convention is to label it in the sentence and to note the check date. The document review will catch the…
Robustness: the parameters worth deliberately varying Replied, post #23 · Analytics › Method validation · 26 Nov 2025 · 0 likes A method that reports the same number for every lot is worth a second look. Real processes vary, and a total absence of variation is a statement about the measurement…
How to read a forest plot, properly, from scratch Replied, post #57 · Evidence › Trials · 18 Nov 2025 · 0 likes Risk of bias: structured appraisal of internal validity. Key things to assess: randomisation method (was it truly random or could someone predict the next assignment),…
Can a home kit substitute for a laboratory report? A careful no Replied, post #55 · Analytics › Home & field testing · 16 Nov 2025 · 0 likes Small correction to my own earlier position on home kit substitute. I had the units the wrong way round, which changes the conclusion by an order of magnitude and…
Pen dose counters: what a click does and does not guarantee Replied, post #39 · Devices › Pens & autoinjectors · 15 Nov 2025 · 16 likes Autoinjectors that fire on skin contact remove the technique variable almost entirely, which is their advantage. They also remove the ability to inject slowly, which is…
Interpreting a result that disagrees with the supplier's certificate Replied, post #12 · Sourcing › Independent verification · 13 Nov 2025 · 8 likes Noted, and thank you for writing it out rather than summarising it.
Reading a supplier's product description as a marketing document Replied, post #97 · Compounds › Other compounds · 12 Nov 2025 · 23 likes Thymosin alpha-1 has a regulatory history in several jurisdictions and a real clinical literature, which puts it in a different evidential category from most of its…
The anatomy of a question that gets answered within an hour — the long version Replied, post #63 · Start Here › How to Ask · 5 Nov 2025 · 20 likes Post #61 describes the usual case. This is about the unusual one. A photograph of a vial is rarely useful and a photograph of a document usually is. Redact the…
Where to report an adverse event officially, by region — a second dataset Replied, post #81 · Safety › Adverse events · 1 Nov 2025 · 2 likes Serious and unexpected events are the ones to document and report. Serious means hospitalization-level serious. Unexpected means not in the drug's known profile. Both…
Follow-up: What a seizure notice actually says Replied, post #11 · Sourcing › Logistics · 24 Oct 2025 · 29 likes Post #9 and I disagree about the size of the effect, not about the direction. Import restrictions by jurisdiction: what is legal to import for personal use varies…
Revisiting: German, French and Dutch differences, compared Replied, post #88 · Regional › European Union · 17 Oct 2025 · 3 likes Worth separating two things that post #86 runs together. German would be much easier to settle if anyone reported the denominator. Almost nobody reports the denominator.
An orphaned page with no inbound links — the long version Replied, post #17 · Meta › Wiki maintenance · 11 Oct 2025 · 3 likes That matches how I use it. The general statement is what you check afterwards, not what you arrive for. Caveat: everything above assumes the paperwork is what it says…
Coming back to: Resolution and tailing factor: real acceptance criteria Replied, post #97 · Analytics › HPLC & UHPLC · 6 Oct 2025 · 13 likes Useful. I have added it to my own notes with the date on it.
Specification in the result column: why that is a meaningful error Replied, post #53 · Analytics › COA interpretation · 4 Oct 2025 · 0 likes The distinction between release testing and characterisation is one industrial documents make and retail ones usually do not. It is the difference between "we tested…
Specification in the result column: why that is a meaningful error Replied, post #44 · Analytics › COA interpretation · 14 Sep 2025 · 2 likes The distinction between release testing and characterisation is one industrial documents make and retail ones usually do not. It is the difference between "we tested…
A preprint whose numbers changed substantially at publication — what changed since Replied, post #3 · Evidence › Preprints · 13 Sep 2025 · 28 likes Unrefereed work is not worthless. A great deal of it survives review substantially unchanged. It is also the case that the version appearing in a journal frequently has…
Aggregated purity results across four services, with caveats — a second dataset Replied, post #113 · Data & Tools › Datasets · 10 Sep 2025 · 1 like Bookmarking this. I will come back when I have something worth adding.
Why semaglutide solutions can look faintly opalescent and when that matters Replied, post #10 · Compounds › Semaglutide · 24 Aug 2025 · 28 likes Post #7 is right about the mechanism and I think understates the practical bit. Albumin binding is not a unique structural feature and nothing in the class lacks it,…
Asking about a compound your prescriber has not heard of Replied, post #127 · Clinical › Prescriber conversations · 15 Aug 2025 · 3 likes This follows post #125 rather than contradicting it. A question phrased as "what would you want to see before considering X" is answerable and is not a request for X.…
Older adults, sarcopenia risk, and the trade-off nobody quantifies — the long version Replied, post #8 · Clinical › Special populations · 10 Aug 2025 · 12 likes Post #7 is right about the mechanism and I think understates the practical bit. What I would tell a new member reading about Older adults for the first time: the…
A ten-fold dose error caught before injection Replied, post #65 · Devices › Syringes & needles · 15 Jul 2025 · 0 likes Worth separating two things that post #63 runs together. Small methodological point on ten-fold dose error caught: repeating a measurement is cheap and resolves most of…
What this community means by "a source", in practical terms Replied, post #27 · Start Here › Welcome · 7 Jul 2025 · 0 likes The Lounge is a real category rather than a dumping ground. The sourcing rule still applies there, which surprises people, but the register is looser and nobody minds a…
Why plausible mechanism is not evidence of effect — one year on Replied, post #8 · Compounds › Repair & healing peptides · 7 Jul 2025 · 0 likes That is clearer than the version I had in my head. Thank you.
The CagriSema phase 2 paper and what a fixed combination buys — the long version Replied, post #144 · Compounds › Cagrilintide & amylin analogues · 19 Jun 2025 · 25 likes Cagrilintide alone is discussed less than in combination because the published data is almost entirely from combination trials. The phase 2 combination data was…
Specification in the result column: why that is a meaningful error Replied, post #7 · Analytics › COA interpretation · 9 Jun 2025 · 4 likes A test date preceding a manufacturing date is a clerical error until somebody explains otherwise, and asking is cheap. Most such things are transcription.
A comparison of home results against a laboratory result on the same vial Replied, post #4 · Analytics › Home & field testing · 9 Jun 2025 · 0 likes Anything that changes colour is measuring a reaction, and reactions have interferents. A positive result in the presence of an excipient you did not expect is not…
Subcutaneous absorption kinetics and site differences Replied, post #7 · Pharmacology › Pharmacokinetics · 7 Jun 2025 · 18 likes Subcutaneous absorption kinetics and site: I have looked for the primary source twice and failed twice. Either it does not exist or it is somewhere I do not know to…
Reading a rodent study on a secretagogue without over-extrapolating Replied, post #12 · Compounds › Secretagogues & GH axis · 4 Jun 2025 · 7 likes Nothing to add on the substance. Thank you for taking the question at face value.
Journal club: the CagriSema phase 2 combination paper — a second dataset Replied, post #14 · Evidence › Journal club · 24 May 2025 · 28 likes CagriSema phase 2 combination paper is one of those subjects where the general answer and the answer for a specific case diverge, and the thread will go in circles…
Pregnancy as an absolute contraindication Replied, post #89 · Safety › Contraindications · 20 May 2025 · 1 like The version of pregnancy that circulates here is a simplification of a simplification. It is not wrong, but it has lost the conditions under which it holds, and those…
Validating a calculator against hand arithmetic — what changed since Replied, post #79 · Data & Tools › Calculators · 20 May 2025 · 6 likes Titration planning: a calculator that shows you the escalation schedule for different starting and ending doses can help you visualize your path. Actual path might be…
Second pass at: Designing a personal experiment that could change your mind Replied, post #26 · Research Methods › N-of-1 designs · 19 May 2025 · 5 likes Record everything that changed, not just the intervention. Personal experiments are confounded by life, and the confounders are only recoverable if they were written…
Coming back to: Over-dilution: when your dose falls below one readable graduation Replied, post #11 · Practice › Reconstitution · 12 May 2025 · 20 likes The best check on any reconstitution calculation is to do it twice by two different routes — mass per volume, then volume per dose — and see whether they agree. They…
DXA precision and the least significant change for lean mass — the long version Replied, post #25 · Outcomes › Body composition · 10 May 2025 · 1 like The bit of DXA precision that nobody enjoys is that the answer changes depending on what you are trying to decide with it. Say what the decision is and the thread will…
Hepatic steatosis: what the MASH trial evidence supports Replied, post #32 · Clinical › Comorbidities · 3 May 2025 · 6 likes Where the honest answer is "nobody knows", giving it plainly is more useful than a confident synthesis of mechanism and anecdote. A partial answer, offered because a…
Follow-up: Documentation that appears only after payment Replied, post #35 · Sourcing › Red flags · 30 Apr 2025 · 1 like Checked the Documentation claim against the primary source this morning. It survives, with a narrower scope than the version quoted here. Posting the narrower scope.
A 5 mg vial and a 0.25 mg dose: the arithmetic in full — what changed since Replied, post #59 · Practice › Reconstitution · 28 Apr 2025 · 30 likes On post #57 — agreed on the reasoning, with one qualification. Preservative effectiveness is tested against a defined microbial challenge under defined conditions. It…
Second pass at: Triple agonism: additive, synergistic, or neither? Replied, post #41 · Compounds › Retatrutide · 23 Apr 2025 · 26 likes Building on post #40 rather than restating it. Triple agonism: is the effect additive, synergistic, or neither? A phase 2 comparison of tirzepatide (dual) to…
An orphaned page with no inbound links Replied, post #31 · Meta › Wiki maintenance · 21 Apr 2025 · 9 likes Something worth flagging about orphaned page: the strongest-sounding claims in this thread are the ones with no source attached, which is the usual pattern and not a…
Retatrutide dose escalation in the published trials Replied, post #144 · Compounds › Retatrutide · 17 Apr 2025 · 12 likes Post #141 is the version of this I will quote in future. One addition. Dose-response in the phase 2 obesity work was clear across the studied range, with no obvious…
Tirzepatide in type 2 diabetes: the SURPASS programme, summarised honestly Replied, post #61 · Compounds › Tirzepatide · 14 Apr 2025 · 23 likes Nothing to add, except that this is the answer I would give if asked.
A newcomer's list of things that confused me, and the fixes Replied, post #8 · Start Here › Welcome · 1 Apr 2025 · 11 likes The Lounge is a real category rather than a dumping ground. The sourcing rule still applies there, which surprises people, but the register is looser and nobody minds a…
Carryover and the ghost peak from last week's standard Replied, post #4 · Analytics › HPLC & UHPLC · 31 Mar 2025 · 1 like The opening post and I disagree about the size of the effect, not about the direction. Method validation is the demonstration that a method can separate the compound…
Certificates issued by the seller versus by a laboratory Replied, post #16 · Analytics › COA interpretation · 24 Mar 2025 · 13 likes The distinction between release testing and characterisation is one industrial documents make and retail ones usually do not. It is the difference between "we tested…
Fibre intake when total intake falls, and the constipation link Replied, post #42 · Nutrition & Training › Protein & intake · 19 Mar 2025 · 0 likes The arithmetic in post #41 is right; the assumption feeding it is the part to check. Self-reported intake is optimistic by a consistent margin in the published…
Tirzepatide in type 2 diabetes: the SURPASS programme, summarised honestly Replied, post #36 · Compounds › Tirzepatide · 10 Mar 2025 · 0 likes Where I part company with post #32, and it is a narrow parting. Adding a small correction to the tirzepatide in type 2 diabetes summary above rather than a disagreement…
Charge states for a 4 kDa peptide, worked through Replied, post #57 · Analytics › Mass spectrometry · 9 Mar 2025 · 17 likes Everything in post #55 holds. The case it does not cover is the one I have. Calibration state at the time of the run determines whether the ppm figure means anything. A…
What the published dose-response for semaglutide actually looks like above 2.4 mg — a… Replied, post #71 · Compounds › Semaglutide · 20 Feb 2025 · 0 likes Checked the published dose-response for semaglutide claim against the primary source this morning. It survives, with a narrower scope than the version quoted here.…
Reading a supplementary appendix and finding the interesting part Replied, post #92 · Evidence › Trials · 13 Feb 2025 · 28 likes I read post #90 twice before replying, because I had assumed the opposite. I changed my mind about reading a supplementary appendix after someone here asked me for the…
Consistent declarations and why they matter more than clever ones Replied, post #11 · Sourcing › Logistics · 9 Feb 2025 · 12 likes What I can speak to on consistent declarations is narrow, so I will keep it narrow rather than generalising from it. Beyond that boundary I do not know.
What changed in 2026, by region Replied, post #100 · Access › International · 26 Jan 2025 · 32 likes Both are useful and they are different contributions. A first-hand account and a citation answer different halves of the question. It is worth stating the boring…
Second pass at: Historical amylin analogues and what happened to them Replied, post #18 · Compounds › Cagrilintide & amylin analogues · 21 Jan 2025 · 24 likes That is consistent with mine, for whatever one more account is worth.
Follow-up: Dead volume across syringe and needle combinations Replied, post #98 · Devices › Syringes & needles · 11 Jan 2025 · 6 likes Worth separating two things that post #95 runs together. Checked the Dead volume across syringe claim against the primary source this morning. It survives, with a…
Escalating every six weeks instead of four: what I observed over eight months Replied, post #14 · Practice › Dosing & titration · 10 Jan 2025 · 16 likes Steady state means the plasma concentration is stable from dose to dose. That happens around 4 to 5 half-lives. Before that, the concentration is rising with each dose.…
Isotonicity and what happens when you get it wrong Replied, post #20 · Pharmacology › Formulation chemistry · 7 Jan 2025 · 10 likes Isotonicity came up in a thread eighteen months ago and was answered well. I cannot find it, which is itself the problem, so here is the reconstruction.
Why mass spectrometry cannot tell you about an epimer Replied, post #7 · Analytics › Mass spectrometry · 19 Dec 2024 · 5 likes Everything in post #6 holds. The case it does not cover is the one I have. Purity and identity are different questions: LC-MS establishes that the species at a…
[2026 update] How to read a forest plot, properly, from scratch Replied, post #39 · Evidence › Trials · 16 Dec 2024 · 25 likes Absolute numbers, not just relative: a 30% relative reduction tells you the ratio but not the practical magnitude. The event rate in each arm and the difference between…
Follow-up: Tirzepatide's shorter half-life and its one practical consequence Replied, post #82 · Compounds › Tirzepatide · 11 Dec 2024 · 6 likes Categorical response thresholds — the proportion reaching ten, fifteen or twenty per cent reduction — are more persuasive and less informative than the mean. They…
Follow-up: Dead volume across syringe and needle combinations Replied, post #73 · Devices › Syringes & needles · 28 Nov 2024 · 13 likes Needle length for subcutaneous delivery is a question about tissue depth and injection angle together. Short needles at ninety degrees and longer ones at an angle reach…
Follow-up: Recovery when intake is low: what to cut first Replied, post #34 · Nutrition & Training › Resistance training · 20 Nov 2024 · 11 likes Practical note on Recovery: write down what you expect before you look. The number of times I have found what I went looking for is higher than chance would allow.
Amylin analogue mechanism: satiety signalling separate from GLP-1 Replied, post #23 · Compounds › Cagrilintide & amylin analogues · 16 Nov 2024 · 0 likes Native amylin has awkward physical properties — it aggregates readily, which is why a stable analogue is a pharmaceutical achievement rather than a formulation detail.…
Time to steady state after a dose increase Replied, post #85 · Pharmacology › Pharmacokinetics · 4 Nov 2024 · 14 likes Agreed on all of that, and I have nothing to add to it.
Coming back to: Grapefruit: why this class is not the class that cares Replied, post #18 · Practice › Interactions · 19 Oct 2024 · 6 likes The arithmetic on Grapefruit is the easy part and it is where the errors are, which is an uncomfortable combination. Show your working and someone will catch it.
Criticising the method without criticising the authors Replied, post #3 · Evidence › Study critique · 31 Aug 2024 · 0 likes Worth separating two things that the opening post runs together. I would be cautious about generalising from the criticising the method without criticising example…
Journal club: SURPASS-2 and the semaglutide 1 mg comparator Replied, post #11 · Evidence › Journal club · 6 Aug 2024 · 26 likes Two people in this thread mean different things by SURPASS-2 and are disagreeing about the definition while believing they are disagreeing about the facts. Worth…
Circumference measurements as a poor man's composition estimate Replied, post #44 · Outcomes › Body composition · 5 Aug 2024 · 21 likes Circumference measurements at marked sites, taken consistently, track composition change better than most people expect for the cost. Someone will know this better than…
Follow-up: Conditions that change the calculus rather than forbidding it Replied, post #34 · Safety › Contraindications · 26 Jul 2024 · 2 likes Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma, or multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, is the clearest contraindication in this class and it is specific…
Pen wastage and its effect on real cost Replied, post #10 · Access › Pricing · 24 Jul 2024 · 16 likes Prices in old topics are historical records and are frequently wrong now. Every post here carries its date for that reason.
Journal club: FLOW and the renal composite, component by component Replied, post #88 · Evidence › Journal club · 17 Jul 2024 · 0 likes Sessions on negative or null results are consistently the most instructive and the hardest to get anyone to attend. Old habit: I write down the expected answer before I…